Dr. Farwell and his
colleagues Dr.
Drew Richardson and
Graham Richardson
recently published four
Brain Fingerprinting
field/real life studies
in the leading journal
Cognitive
Neurodynamics.
The first of these
studies was one of a
series of three studies
that Dr. Farwell and
colleagues conducted for
the CIA. The
second study was a field
study where Dr. Farwell
used Brain
Fingerprinting to detect
information about real
crimes stored in the
brains of perpetrators
and innocent
suspects.
Dr. Farwell and
Dr. Richardson
conducted the
third study at the
FBI Academy in
Quantico,
Virginia.
Dr. Richardson was
a supervisory
special agent at
the FBI at the
time. Dr.
Richardson is the
former chief of
the FBI's
chem-bio-nuclear
counterterrorism
unit and a leading
expert on
counterterrorism.
In the fourth
study, Dr. Farwell
and colleagues used
Brain Fingerprinting
to detect
information known
only to bomb makers,
stored in the brains
of people with
experise in bomb
making (IED/EOD).
In all four
studies Dr. Farwell
and colleagues used
Brain Fingerprinting
to detect information
obtained in the course
of real-life events.
Studies 1 and 2 used
specific issue Brain
Fingerprinting
tests to detect specific
issue information
regarding real-life
events, including
capital crimes. Studies
3 and 4 used specific
screening Brain
Fingerprinting
tests to detect
real-life specific group
knowledge of FBI agents
and experts in bomb
making, i.e., explosive
ordnance disposal (EOD)
and improvised explosive
devices (IEDs).
In Study
1, the “CIA Real-life
Study,” Brain
Fingerprinting
was used to detect
concealed information
regarding real-life
events, including a
number of felony
crimes. There were,
however, no
significant
consequences of the
outcome of the tests,
and consequently no
substantial
motivations for
subjects.
In Study
2, the “Real Crime
Real Consequences
$100,000 Reward
Study,” Brain
Fingerprinting
was used to detect
information regarding
real crimes. In some
cases, the subjects
were highly motivated
because they were
facing either the
death penalty or life
imprisonment, and the
Brain
Fingerprinting
test detected presence
or absence of
information regarding
the crime in
question. In
some cases. subjects
were inherently
motivated because the
Brain Fingerprinting
tests potentially
could influence the
judicial outcome of
the case, e.g.,
cases where Brain
Fingerprinting
presented as evidence
in the case and ruled
admissible in court.
In cases where there
was less inherent
motivation resulting
from a potential
judicial outcome,
subjects were offered
a $100,000 reward for
beating the test.
Except in cases where
life and freedom were
at stake, subjects
were taught
countermeasures that
have previously proved
effective against
other, fundamentally
different, non-Brain
Fingerprinting
techniques.
Countermeasures had no
effect on Brain
Fingerprinting.
In Study 3, the
“FBI Agent Study,” Brain
Fingerprinting was used
to detect information
that is known to FBI
agents but not to the
general public, such as
FBI techniques,
procedures, acronyms,
information learned in
FBI training, etc.
In Study 4, the
“Bomb Maker Study,”
Brain Fingerprinting was
used to detect
information that is
known to explosive
ordnance disposal (EOD)
and improvised explosive
device (IED) experts but
not to the general
public.
In all four
studies, Brain
Fingerprinting returned
the correct result in
every case. Error
rate was 0%; accuracy rate
was 100%. In order
to present a conservative
result, however, and to
avoid the mathematical
anomalies of 0% and 100%,
Dr. Farwell and colleagues
reported the error rate as
"less than 1%" and the
accuracy rate as "over
99%." Brain
Fingerprinting also
produced a high
statistical confidence in
every individual
case. Median
statistical confidence was
over 99%.
These four studies are
reported in the following
peer-reviewed scientific
article in the leading
scientific journal Cognitive
Neurodynamics.
Dr. Farwell
also recently published a
comprehensive tutorial
review of all Brain
Fingerprinting research to
date, and all other
research on detection of
concealed information
using brainwaves.
Here is the peer-reviewed
article: